Diagnóstico y manejo de sindrome de brida amniótica

Síndrome de bridas amnióticas (SBA), una anomalía congènita caracterizada por constricciones y/o amputaciones completas de extremidades a causa de las bridas amnióticas durante el embarazo. En los casos más graves las amputaciones completas están asociadas con otras malformaciones como las craneofaciales. La patogenia del SBA es controversial con baja incidencia. El diagnóstico prenatal oscila entre el 29% a 50% de los casos. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con brida amniótica diagnosticada en la semana 33 de gestación, atendida en nuestro Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Hospital Obrero N°2 de la Caja Nacional de Salud de Cochabamba, Bolivia.

Amniotic band syndrome (ABS) is a congenital anomaly characterized by constrictions and/or complete amputations of limbs due to amniotic bands during pregnancy. In the most severe cases, complete amputations are associated with other malformations such as craniofacial abnormalities. The pathogenesis of ABS is controversial and has a low incidence. Prenatal diagnosis ranges from 29% to 50% of cases. We present the case of a patient with an amniotic band diagnosed at week 33 of pregnancy, treated in our Gynecology and Obstetrics Service of Hospital Obrero N°2 of the National Health Fund of Cochabamba, Bolivia.

Síndrome de bandas amnióticas en el desarrollo de las hendiduras faciales. Reporte de caso clínico / Amniotic band syndrome in the development of facial clefts. Clinical case report

Introducción: el síndrome de bandas amnióticas abarca una variedad de anomalías congénitas que incluyen la deformación, disrupción y malformación de múltiples órganos. Este síndrome tiene diferentes manifestaciones clínicas al nacimiento, como anillos formados por la constricción de las bandas, amputaciones de extremidades y malformaciones craneofaciales. La incidencia es de aproximadamente 1 en 1,200-15,000 nacidos vivos. Objetivo: realizar la descripción de un paciente femenino de 4 meses de edad que acude al servicio de cirugía oral y maxilofacial del Hospital del Niño DIF Pachuca, Hidalgo, México. La paciente presenta deformidad en la región geniana que se extiende desde el labio superior hasta la región infraorbitaria de lado derecho, pit paracomisural derecho y fisura Tessier 7. Conclusión: se da el diagnóstico final de deformidad maxilofacial a causa del síndrome de bandas amnióticas y la paciente recibe tratamiento médico-quirúrgico con un resultado satisfactorio.

Backgrond: Amniotic band syndrome encompasses a variety of congenital anomalies which include deformation, disruption, or malformation of multiple organs, exhibiting different clinical manifestations at birth, such as rings formed by the constriction of the bands, limb amputations and craniofacial malformations. The incidence is approximately 1 in 1,200-15,000 live births. Objective: To describe a 4-month-old female patient who attends the oral and maxillofacial surgery service of the Hospital del Niño DIF Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico, presenting a deformity in the genian region that extending from the upper lip to the infraorbital region on the right side, right paracommissural pit and Tessier fissure 7. Conclusion: In the final diagnosis of maxillofacial deformity due to amniotic band syndrome, medical-surgical treatment is received with a satisfactory result.

Tratamiento de las malformaciones en extremidades en el síndrome de bridas amnióticas: a propósito de un caso / Amniotic band syndrome: management of skeletal limb abnormalities. A case report

El síndrome de bridas amnióticas es un complejo de anomalías congénitas causadas por la rotura prematura del amnios, por lo que se originan bandas fibrosas que comprimen determinadas regiones del feto. Afecta a entre 1:1200 y 1:15 000 recién nacidos vivos según las series consultadas.La clínica típica consiste en alteraciones en las extremidades (anillos de constricción, amputaciones asimétricas más o menos distales, sindactilias y pie zambo), y se han descrito alteraciones toracoabdominales o faciales. Recientes trabajos han demostrado la utilidad del método de Ponseti en el tratamiento del pie zambo asociado al síndrome de bridas amnióticas. Se presenta el caso de un recién nacido que padecía un síndrome de bridas amnióticas y se ahonda en el manejo y la resolución quirúrgica de las malformaciones en las extremidades. En especial, se analiza la utilización del método de Ponseti en el tratamiento del pie zambo congénito sindrómic

Amniotic band syndrome consists in a group of congenital abnormalities caused by strands of the amniotic sac that entangle some parts of the fetus. Those strands result from premature rupture of amnios. The incidence of amniotic band syndrome is 1:1200 to 1:15,000 live births, depending on case studies.Mostly affected parts of fetus are limbs (asymmetric amputations, syndactyly and clubbed foot) but facial and thoracoabdominal abnormalities have also been described.Recent works have proved the utility of Ponseti method to treat clubfoot associated with amniotic band syndrome. We report the case of a newborn with amniotic band syndrome focusing on management and surgical repair of limbs deformities. Especially, we highlight the use of Ponseti method in treatment of syndromic clubfoot

Fetal anencephaly with umbilical cord attached to cerebrovasculosa area: autopsy report / Anencefalia fetal com cordão umbilical aderido à área cerebrovasculosa: relato da autópsia

ABSTRACT Our aim was to report the unusual case of an anencephalic fetus that was born with the umbilical cord attached to its cephalic pole. The patient was a 16-year-old pregnant woman. Ultrasound evaluation at 17 weeks revealed a single fetus without cranial vault and brain parenchyma, compatible with anencephaly. Postnatal evaluation, through an autopsy, was consistent with this diagnosis. Moreover, it was observed that the umbilical cord was attached to the area cerebrovasculosa and there was the presence of a fibrous tissue, suggestive of an amniotic band. We have found only one similar case described in the literature.

RESUMEN Reportamos el caso poco usual de un feto anencéfalo nacido con el cordón umbilical adherido al area cerebrovasculosa. La embarazada tenía 16 años de edad. La ecografía de la semana 17 de gestación mostró un feto sin bóveda craneal y parénquima cerebral, compatible con anencefalia. La evaluación posnatal, mediante autopsia, estaba de acuerdo a ese diagnóstico. Además, se ha notado que el cordón umbilical estaba adherido al area cerebrovasculosa, puesto que había presencia de tejido fibroso, sugestivo de banda amniótica. Encontramos solo un caso descrito en la literatura.

RESUMO Relatamos um caso incomum de feto com anencefalia nascido com o cordão umbilical aderido à área cerebrovasculosa. A gestante tinha 16 anos de idade. A avaliação pela ultrassonografia, na 17ª semana de gestação, revelou feto sem calota craniana e parênquima cerebral, compatível com anencefalia. A avaliação pós-natal, através da autópsia, foi concordante com esse diagnóstico. Ademais, notou-se que o cordão umbilical estava aderido à área cerebrovasculosa, visto que havia a presença de tecido fibroso, sugestivo de uma banda amniótica. Encontramos apenas um caso semelhante descrito na literatura.

Displasia de Streeter: uma malformação genética rara. Relato de caso / Streeter dysplasia: a rare genetic malformation. Case report

Contexto: A displasia de Streeter, também conhecida como síndrome das bandas de constrição congênita ou síndrome da banda amniótica, é uma anomalia rara que se manifesta como bandas anulares concêntricas nas extremidades superiores ou inferiores e, às vezes, no tronco. Apresenta amplo espectro de malformações caracterizado por assimetria e polimorfismo, que podem levar ao aborto espontâneo. Descrição do caso: Paciente do sexo feminino de dois anos de idade, com deformidade nas pernas desde o nascimento, apresentou piora progressiva, além de limitação funcional na perna direita. Ao exame físico, observou-se banda de constrição superficial na perna esquerda, porém sem limitação funcional. A perna direita apresenta banda de constrição profunda, com importante deformidade do pé direito, sem caracterização de todos os pododáctilos e com linfedema. Discussão: A displasia de Streeter é uma doença rara, de difícil diagnóstico ao estudo ultrassonográfico, com a maioria dos seus casos sendo diagnosticada ao nascer, não apresentando etiologia definida ainda, apesar de existirem mecanismos propostos. O reconhecimento da displasia é crucial para o aconselhamento genético apropriado. Suas deformidades são múltiplas e quase sempre assimétricas. Conclusão: Expomos um caso de displasia de Streeter bilateral, com condutas diferentes nos membros acometidos e com resultado pós-operatório satisfatório.

Síndrome de Bartsocas-Papas y secuencia de bridas amnióticas: Semejanzas clínicas sugieren un factor etiopatogénico común / Bartsocas-Papas syndrome and amniotic bands sequence: Clinical similarities suggest a common etiopathogenic factor

Introducción: el síndrome de Bartsocas-Papas (SBP) es una entidad letal causada por una mutación homocigota del gen RIPK4, el cual, formando parte de una compleja red molecular, está involucrado en la diferenciación del queratinocito. Las principales manifestaciones del síndrome, parcialmente compartidas por otras displasias ectodérmicas monogénicas son: pterigium en miembros inferiores, fisuras faciales, defectos de reducción distal de miembros y apéndices cutáneos. Por otro lado, la secuencia de bridas amnióticas (SBA), de etiopatogenia desconocida, se caracteriza por un espectro variable de anomalías consideradas disruptivas, incluyendo fisuras faciales y defectos de reducción de miembros. Objetivo: describir los hallazgos clínicos y anatomopatológicos de un paciente con SBP y de otro con SBA, remarcando sus semejanzas. Casos clínicos: 1) Recién nacida con fisura facial, pterigium poplíteo y crural, reducción de dedos y ortejos, y apéndices cutáneos. Placenta con zonas desprovistas de epitelio amniótico. 2) Feto femenino de 27 semanas, fisura facial atípica, reducción distal de miembros, pterigium poplíteo, defecto de cierre de pared tóracoabdominal y polo cefálico, apéndices cutáneos y presencia de bridas amnióticas. Placenta y cordón umbilical con extensas zonas de desprendimiento del epitelio amniótico. Conclusiones: algunos hallazgos similares en el SBP y la SBA permitirían especular acerca de la existencia de un factor intrínseco, relacionado al desarrollo de la piel, y común a ambas entidades.

Introduction: Bartsocas-Papas syndrome (BPS) is a lethal condition caused by a homozygous mutation of the RIPK4 gene, which, being part of a complex molecular network, is involved in keratinocyte differentiation while. The main clinical manifestations are webbing of lower limbs, facial clefts, distal limb reduction defects, and skin tags, and some of these are shared with other monogenic ectodermal dysplasia syndromes. Similarly, amniotic bands sequence (ABS), a condition of unknown etiopathogenesis, is characterized by a variable spectrum of anomalies considered as disruptive, such as facial clefts and limb reduction defects. Objective: to describe clinical and autopsy findings of a patient with BPS and of a fetus with ABS, emphasizing on their similarities. Case reports: 1. Female liveborn with atypical facial clefts, popliteal and crural webbing, distal reduction defects of hands and feet, and multiple skin tags. The placenta showed regions lacking amniotic epithelium. 2. Female fetus of 27 gestational weeks, atypical facial clefts, distal limb reduction defects, popliteal webbing, thoracoabdominal and cephalic closure defects, skin tags, and amniotic bands. Placenta and umbilical cord showed broad regions lacking amniotic epithelium attachment. Conclusions: the observation of a number of findings with remarkable similarities between BPS and ABS allows considering the existence of an intrinsic factor, involved in skin development which is common to both conditions.

Complejo de deformidades amnióticas, adhesiones, mutilación: interminable debate / Complex of amniotic deformities, adhesions, mutilations: Endless debate

El complejo de deformidades amnióticas, adhesiones, mutilaciones (cADAM) es un amplio espectro heterogéneo de anomalías congénitas. Se caracteriza por la presencia de anillos de constricción o amputación de dedos o extremidades y la presencia de bridas amnióticas; no obstante, puede involucrar disrupciones craneofaciales, en órganos internos y defectos de pared. El objetivo de esta revisión fue presentar los datos que se encontraron del cADAM, desde los antecedentes históricos, hasta las manifestaciones clínicas, estudios epidemiológicos y demás; se dirigió especial interés en mostrar las distintas teorías de la etiopatogenia, las contradicciones entre ellas y otros argumentos y conceptos difusos que envuelven a esta entidad. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos de Pubmed, EBSCO host, Ovid, SpringerLink, Scopus, nature.com, JAMA y ScienceDirect con las siguientes palabras clave: "amniotic band syndrome", "sequence amniotic band", "Streeter syndrome", "ADAM complex". Se tomaron en cuenta 22 artículos. Los pacientes con cADAM requieren de una evaluación prenatal y postnatal completa para la integración del diagnóstico, la toma de decisiones y un tratamiento oportuno. De ahí la importancia del conocimiento de esta entidad por parte de clínicos y cirujanos, y la necesidad de replantear interrogantes para nuevas investigaciones y lograr establecer bases nosológicas.

Amniotic deformities, adhesions, mutilations (ADAM) complex is a broad heterogeneous spectrum of congenital anomalies. ADAM complex is characterized by constriction rings, amputation of fingers or limbs and the presence of the amniotic band. However, it may also involve craniofacial disruptions, body wall defects and internal organ abnormalities. The aim of this review is to present the results found in regard to ADAM complex from its historical background, clinical manifestations, epidemiology, etc. In particular, our attention was focused on demonstrating the varying etiopathogenesis theories of ADAM complex and their contradictions. The study was conducted using the databases of PubMed, EBSCO host, Ovid, SpringerLink, Scopus, nature.com, JAMA and ScienceDirect with the following keywords for the search: "amniotic band syndrome", "amniotic band sequence", "Streeter dysplasia", "ADAM complex". In this study we used 22 full-text articles. Patients with ADAM complex require a complete pre- and postnatal evaluation to integrate the diagnosis and to decide on timely treatment. It is important for clinicians and surgeons to possess knowledge of this entity. Further research is necessary to establish a nosological basis.

Characteristics of fetuses evaluated due to suspected anencephaly: a population-based cohort study in southern Brazil / Características de fetos avaliados por suspeita de anencefalia: um estudo de coorte de base populacional do Sul do Brasil

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Anencephaly is considered to be the most common type of neural tube defect. Our aim was to assess the clinical and gestational features of a cohort of fetuses with suspected anencephaly. DESIGN AND SETTING: Population-based retrospective cohort study in a referral hospital in southern Brazil. METHODS: The sample consisted of fetuses referred due to suspected anencephaly, to the Fetal Medicine Service of Hospital Materno Infantil Presidente Vargas, between January 2005 and September 2013. Clinical, radiological, pathological and survival data were gathered. RESULTS: Our sample was composed of 29 fetuses. The diagnosis of suspected anencephaly was made on average at 21.3 weeks of gestation. Seven fetuses had malformations that affected other organs, and these included oral clefts (n = 4) and congenital heart defects (n = 2). In 16 cases, there was termination of pregnancy (n = 12) or intrauterine death (n = 4). Regarding those who were born alive (n = 13), all of them died in the first week of life. After postnatal evaluation, the diagnosis of anencephaly was confirmed in 22 cases (75.9%). Other conditions included amniotic band disruption complex (6.9%), microhydranencephaly (6.9%), merocrania (3.4%) and holoprosencephaly (3.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Different conditions involving the cranial vault may be confused with anencephaly, as seen in our sample. However, these conditions also seem to have a poor prognosis. It seems that folic acid supplementation is not being properly performed. .

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A anencefalia é considerada o tipo mais comum de defeito de fechamento do tubo neural. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar as características clínicas e gestacionais de uma coorte de fetos com suspeita de anencefalia. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo de base populacional em um hospital de referência no sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por fetos encaminhados por suspeita de anencefalia ao Serviço de Medicina Fetal do Hospital Materno Infantil Presidente Vargas, no período de janeiro de 2005 a setembro de 2013. Foi realizada coleta de dados clínicos, radiológicos, patológicos e de sobrevida. RESULTADOS: Nossa amostra foi composta por 29 fetos. A suspeita do diagnóstico de anencefalia foi realizada em média com 21,3 semanas de gestação. Sete fetos apresentavam malformações que afetavam outros órgãos, e incluíram fendas orais (n = 4) e defeitos cardíacos congênitos (n = 2). Em 16 casos houve interrupção da gravidez (n = 12) ou morte intrauterina (n = 4). Daqueles que nasceram vivos (n = 13), todos morreram na primeira semana de vida. Após a avaliação pós-natal, o diagnóstico de anencefalia foi confirmado em 22 casos (75,9%). Outras condições incluíram o complexo disruptivo de banda amniótica (6,9%), microhidranencefalia (6,9%), merocrania (3,4%) e holoprosencefalia (3,4%). CONCLUSÕES: Diferentes condições que envolvem a calota craniana podem ser confundidas com a anencefalia, como verificado em nossa amostra. No entanto, estas também parecem ter um prognóstico pobre. A suplementação com ácido fólico parece não estar sendo realizada de forma adequada. .

[Complex of amniotic deformities, adhesions, mutilations: Endless debate]. / Complejo de deformidades amnióticas, adhesiones, mutilación: interminable debate.

Amniotic deformities, adhesions, mutilations (ADAM) complex is a broad heterogeneous spectrum of congenital anomalies. ADAM complex is characterized by constriction rings, amputation of fingers or limbs and the presence of the amniotic band. However, it may also involve craniofacial disruptions, body wall defects and internal organ abnormalities. The aim of this review is to present the results found in regard to ADAM complex from its historical background, clinical manifestations, epidemiology, etc. In particular, our attention was focused on demonstrating the varying etiopathogenesis theories of ADAM complex and their contradictions. The study was conducted using the databases of PubMed, EBSCO host, Ovid, SpringerLink, Scopus, nature.com, JAMA and ScienceDirect with the following keywords for the search: "amniotic band syndrome", "amniotic band sequence", "Streeter dysplasia", "ADAM complex". In this study we used 22 full-text articles. Patients with ADAM complex require a complete pre- and postnatal evaluation to integrate the diagnosis and to decide on timely treatment. It is important for clinicians and surgeons to possess knowledge of this entity. Further research is necessary to establish a nosological basis.

Pentalogía de Cantrell y bandas amnióticas: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Pentalogy of Cantrell and amniotic bands: A case report and review of the literature

Objetivo: reportar un caso de pentalogía de Cantrell asociado a acranea, hendidura facial medial y reducción de las extremidades derechas originado por bandas amnióticas. Realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre la patogénesis de las bandas amnióticas y los hallazgos en el caso reportado.Materiales y métodos: se presenta el caso de un recién nacido muerto, con malformaciones congénitas antes mencionadas, hijo de madre primigestante de 15 años con 34 semanas de gestación, que consultó al Hospital Universitario del Valle (HUV), hospital de nivel III y IV de referencia en obstetricia, de la red pública del suroccidente colombiano. Como fuente de información se utilizó la historia clínica, fotografías del recién nacido y los Rayos X.Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura con las palabras clave "Pentalogy of Cantrell and amniotic band syndrome", "Limb body wall complex and amniotic band syndrome" en las bases de datos Medline vía PubMed en inglés y español, sin límite de tiempo; se buscaron reportes de caso, revisiones de tema y series de casos.Resultados: se encontraron treinta artículos, se analizaron todas las referencias y se halló que catorce corresponden a reportes de caso, ocho a revisiones de tema y ocho a series de casos.Conclusiones: se reporta un caso de pentalogía de Cantrell, posiblemente por bandas amnióticas originadas en el desarrollo embrionario. El caso se clasificó como complejo cuerpo-extremidad (LBWC), secundario a bandas amnióticas.

Objective: To report a Pentalogy of Cantrell case associated with acrania, medial facial cleft and reduction of the right limbs as a result of amniotic bands; and to conduct a review of the literature on the pathogenesis of amniotic bands and the findings of the reported case.Materials and methods: Case report of a demised neonate with the above mentionated congenital malformations born to a 15 year-old primigravida in her 34 weeks of gestation who came to Hospital Universitario del Valle (HUV), a level III and IV referral hospital for obstetrics belonging to the public network in south-western Colombia. The clinical record, photographs of the neonate and X-Ray images were used as the sources of information. A search in the literature was conducted using the terms "Pentalogy of Cantrell and amniotic band syndrome", "Limb body wall complex and amniotic band syndrome" through PubMed in the Medline databases in English and Spanish, with no time limitation; the search included case reports, topic reviews and case series.Results: Overall, 30 articles were found and all the references were analysed; 14 were case reports, 8 were topic reviews and 8 were case series.Conclusions: Report of a Pentalogy of Cantrell case, probably resulting from amniotic bands arising during embryo development. It was classified as a limb body wall complex (LBWC), secondary to amniotic bands.

Síndrome de bandas amnióticas / Amniotic band syndrome

Introducción: el síndrome de bandas amnióticas comprende un grupo de anomalías congénitas esporádicas que se caracterizan por la aparición de anillos fibrosos que pueden provocar importantes defectos estructurales fetales, tanto externos como internos, los más frecuentes afectan a los miembros, pueden producir amputaciones. Objetivo: resaltar la importancia del diagnóstico precoz de malformaciones congénitas y/o defectos estructurales del feto, por ultrasonografía, en la atención primaria de salud. Métodos: se presentan las imágenes ecográficas de un caso de afectación fetal por bandas amnióticas a las 18 sem, ocasionando importantes alteraciones en un miembro y cara fetal, sin otros hallazgos ultrasonográficos. Resultados: previo asesoramiento genético, la pareja decidió la terminación del embarazo. Conclusión: el caso fue confirmado por Anatomía Patológica como un síndrome de bandas amnióticas con defectos estructurales del feto(AU)

Introduction: amniotic band syndrome includes a group of sporadic congenital anomalies characterized by fibrous rings that cause severe external and internal structural fetal defects. The most frequent defects are those affecting the fetus's limps- digits, arms and legs- may lead to amputations.Objective: to highlight the importance of early diagnosis of congenital malformations by ultrasonography in primary health care. Methods: ultrasonographic images of a case of prenatal diagnosis of amniotic band syndrome at 18 weeks of gestation are presented here. This syndrome produced serious fetal extremities and face alterations in a case, with no other ultrasonographic findings.Results: prior genetic counseling, the couple decided the termination of pregnancy. Conclusion: the case was confirmed by pathology as an amniotic band syndrome with structural fetal defects(AU)

Síndrome de bandas amnióticas / Amniotic band syndrome

Introducción: el síndrome de bandas amnióticas comprende un grupo de anomalías congénitas esporádicas que se caracterizan por la aparición de anillos fibrosos que pueden provocar importantes defectos estructurales fetales, tanto externos como internos, los más frecuentes afectan a los miembros, pueden producir amputaciones. Objetivo: resaltar la importancia del diagnóstico precoz de malformaciones congénitas y/o defectos estructurales del feto, por ultrasonografía, en la atención primaria de salud. Métodos: se presentan las imágenes ecográficas de un caso de afectación fetal por bandas amnióticas a las 18 sem, ocasionando importantes alteraciones en un miembro y cara fetal, sin otros hallazgos ultrasonográficos. Resultados: previo asesoramiento genético, la pareja decidió la terminación del embarazo. Conclusión: el caso fue confirmado por Anatomía Patológica como un síndrome de bandas amnióticas con defectos estructurales del feto.

Introduction: amniotic band syndrome includes a group of sporadic congenital anomalies characterized by fibrous rings that cause severe external and internal structural fetal defects. The most frequent defects are those affecting the fetus's limps- digits, arms and legs- may lead to amputations. Objective: to highlight the importance of early diagnosis of congenital malformations by ultrasonography in primary health care. Methods: ultrasonographic images of a case of prenatal diagnosis of amniotic band syndrome at 18 weeks of gestation are presented here. This syndrome produced serious fetal extremities and face alterations in a case, with no other ultrasonographic findings. Results: prior genetic counseling, the couple decided the termination of pregnancy. Conclusion: the case was confirmed by pathology as an amniotic band syndrome with structural fetal defects.

Histopatologia da forma labial cicatricial de Keith / Histopathology of Keith`s lip scar

O estudo da etiologia das formas congênitas ditas cicatriciais, que incluem bandas cicatriciais congênitas e formas cicatriciais das fissuras labiais, apresenta diversas teorias, que fundamentam seu aparecimento, porém não justificam todos os aspectos envolvidos nessas malformações. Neste artigo são apresentados 4 casos de pacientes portadores da forma cicatricial de Keith, submetidos à realização de queiloplastia pela técnica de Spina, comparados a 1 caso de paciente portador de cicatriz traumática. Todos os pacientes tiveram amostra de tecido enviada para estudo histopatológico, com coloração com hematoxilina-eosina. Os casos estudados apresentaram semelhanças entre a pele embrionária e a cicatriz comum.

Examinations of the etiology of congenital cicatricial presentations, which include congenital constriction bands and cicatricial presentations of cleft lip, have provided several theories that explain their development; however, they do not explain all the aspects involved in these malformations. In the present article, we present the cases of 4 patients with Keith's lip scar who underwent cheiloplasty using the spina technique. These cases were compared with 1 case of a patient with a traumatic scar. Tissue samples were obtained from all the patients for histopathological examination using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The cases under study exhibited similarities in embryonic skin and common scar tissue.

Bandas amnióticas constrictivas y derivación oportuna: a propósito de 2 casos clínicos / Constriction band syndrome and the right time for intervention: two clinical cases

Introducción: El síndrome de bridas amnióticas (SBA) es una afección infrecuente de etiología controversial con manifestaciones muy heterogéneas. Las extremidades son las más frecuentemente afectadas, y puede asociarse a otras malformaciones. El recién nacido con SBA rara vez va a requerir de cirugía inmediata, sin embargo, la evaluación por el especialista y la indicación quirúrgica debe ser oportuna y no postergada innecesariamente, lo cual podría significar la pérdida de la extremidad. Objetivo: Comunicar 2 casos de SBA que afectan la extremidad superior, en los cuales la intervención oportuna providencial resultó en un favorable pronóstico. Caso clínico: Reportamos dos casos, donde hubo una derivación tardía de los pacientes por mitos preconcebidos tales como "que era necesario completar el crecimiento para realizar un tratamiento definitivo" (caso 2) o "que no había ningún tratamiento que ofrecerle frente a la severidad de la malformación del recién nacido" (caso 1). En ambos pacientes las bridas constrictivas fueron liberadas en forma exitosa con el uso de múltiples zetoplastias, sin complicaciones en la evolución postoperatoria. Conclusión: Se discute y enfatiza la importancia del diagnóstico, derivación y tratamiento precoz de ésta patología.

Introduction: The amniotic band syndrome is an infrequent affection, of controversial aetiology, with extreme heterogeneous manifestations. Extremities are most frequently compromised and may be associated to other malformations. These newborns rarely need immediate surgery nevertheless the surgical indication must be timely and not postponed, which could mean loss of the extremity. Objective: To report 2 patients with the amniotic band syndrome, in whom casual early interventions were associated to a favorable prognosis. Case reports: We present two patients with an important delay in the referral to the specialist because of the preconceived myths that either full growth was necessary for definitive surgery (case 2) or that no possible treatment could be offered due to the severity of the diagnosis (case 1). All constricting bands were successfully and effectively released with multiple Z plasties with uneventful post operative evolution. Conclusion: We discuss and emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and intervention.

Pseudosindactilia y amputación como principales signos del síndrome de bandas amnióticas / Pseudosyndactyly and amputation as the main features of the amniotic band syndrome

Introducción. Las bandas amnióticas causan un espectro muy amplio de malformaciones fetales, desde labio-paladar hendido e hidrocefalia hasta estrangulación y amputación de extremidades; presenta una prevalencia que va de 1:1,200 a 1:15,000 nacimientos. El siguiente caso clínico se reporta con el objetivo de describir los principales signos del síndrome de bandas amnióticas. Caso clínico. Madre de 21 años, primigesta, con antecedente de vulvovaginitis en el primer trimestre, sin tratamiento; control prenatal irregular sin ultrasonidos obstétricos. El embarazo culminó en cesárea a las 30 semanas por presentar oligohidramnios severo. Se obtuvo producto femenino de 1,200 g y Apgar 7-8. A la exploración física se encontró pseudosindactilia con zona de anillo uniendo a las falanges por el vértice, pie equino varo izquierdo y pierna derecha amputada desde la región tibial media terminando en punta, con escara en porción distal. Además, en estudio radiológico se observaron las falanges del segundo, tercer y cuarto dedos unidas al centro en vértice y peroné hipoplásico. Conclusiones. Los anillos de constricción, la amputación de una o más extremidades y la pseudosindactilia son signos importantes y consistentes que apoyan el diagnóstico del síndrome de bandas amnióticas, con un mal pronóstico para la función aunque bueno para la vida.

Background. Amniotic band syndrome causes a wide spectrum of congenital defects such as cleft lip, hydrocephalus, and growth restriction of limbs, with or without amputation. The condition occurs in every 1:1,200 to 1:15,000 deliveries. The objective of this report is to define the most important features of amniotic band syndrome. Case report. We report the case of a 21 -year-old female with a first pregnancy. No prenatal care or ultrasound studies were carried out, but the patient reported experiencing vaginal discharge during the first trimester. The pregnancy resulted in cesarean section at 30 gestational weeks because of severe oligohydramnios. A 1200-g female was delivered with Apgar 7-8. The newborn presented congenital amputation of the right leg and pseudosyndactyly of the left hand with a ring constriction of the third phalange of the second, third and fourth finger, a left equinovarus foot and amputation of the right leg from the middle third of the tibial region. These findings were confirmed by x-ray. Conclusions. Constriction rings, limb amputation and pseudosyndactyly are important and consistent features with the amniotic band syndrome. Functional prognosis is nonfavorable, but prognosis for life productivity is good.

Síndrome da banda amniótica: relato de caso / Amniotic band syndrome: case report

A síndrome da banda amniótica é uma desordem congênita rara que pode resultar em defeitos corporais diversos (bandas de constrição, amputação, deformidades craniofaciais, anomalias viscerais etc). Sua incidência é estimada em cerca de 1:1.200 a 1:15.000 nascidos vivos. O acometimento das extremidades é o mais frequente. Relatamos um caso envolvendo o membro superior esquerdo e ambos os membros inferiores de um recém- nascido operado no Hospital Mater Dei em Belo Horizonte.

The amniotic band syndrome is a rare congenital disorder that can result in various body effects (constriction bands, amputation, craniofacial and visceral anomalies, etc). Its incidence is estimated at approximately 1:1.200 to 1:15.000 live births. The involvement of the extremities is the most frequent. We report a case involving the left upper limb and both inferior limbs of a male, new born, operated at Mater Dei Hospital in Belo Horizonte.